CAT 2012: LR - Preparation: Proposition & Logical deduction

CAT 2012 aspirants may note the following for LR section :

In Logic, any categorical statement is termed as the Proposition.

A Proposition (or a categorical statement) is a statement that asserts that either a part of, or the whole of, one set of objects - the set identified by the subject term in the sentence expressing that statement - either is included in, or is excluded from, another set - the set identified by the predicate term in that sentence.

The standard form of a proposition is:

Quantifier + Subject + Copula + Predicate

 Thus, the proposition consists of four parts:

1)  Quantifier: The words 'all', 'no' and 'some' are called quantifiers because they specify a quantity 'All' and 'no' are universal quantifiers because they refer to every object in a certain set, while the quantifier 'some' is a particular quantifier because it refers to at least one existing object in a certain set.

2)  Subject (denoted by 'S'): The subject is that about which something is said.

3)  Predicate (denoted by 'P'): The predicate is the part of the proposition denoting that which is affirmed or denied about the subject.

4)  Copula: The copula is that part of the proposition which denotes the relation between the subject and the predicate.

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